Impatto devastante: la Cina blocca le esportazioni di droni all’Ucraina

Nelle ultime settimane, un’ordinanza emanata dal governo cinese ha influenzato sottilmente le dinamiche del conflitto tra Ucraina e Russia. Gli effetti iniziali passavano quasi inosservati; tuttavia, col trascorrere del tempo, queste ripercussioni stanno avvantaggiando il Cremlino, consolidando la posizione della Cina a sostegno di Vladimir Putin. Il fulcro di questa iniziativa è stato delineato nell’«annuncio numero 31»: diramato dal ministero del Commercio e dalla Commissione militare centrale, questo edito si concentra sull’«ottimizzazione e revisione delle modalità di controllo delle esportazioni dei veicoli aerei senza pilota».

In poche righe, la Cina limita drasticamente la capacità dell’Ucraina di produrre droni militari, mentre intensifica contemporaneamente la collaborazione con la Russia nel medesimo settore. Sebbene l'”annuncio” sia stato pubblicato il 31 luglio, i suoi impatti sono operativi dal 1º settembre, introducendo controlli rigidissimi sulle autorizzazioni di esportazione per motori, esplosivi, telecamere, laser, sistemi di comunicazione e altre componenti vitali per i droni da guerra. L’intento ufficiale è di zittire le obiezioni degli Stati Uniti, che accusano Pechino di sostenere l’apparato militare-industriale di Mosca. Paradossalmente, l’obiettivo raggiunto è differente: la Cina, il leader globale nella produzione rapida ed economica di componenti per droni, ha fermato in pratica le export di tali componenti a discapito esclusivo dell’Ucraina.

Il Ruolo dell’Ucraina nella Produzione di Droni

Dalla metà del 2022, si sono affermate circa 250 nuove imprese in Ucraina, realizzando circa due milioni di droni all’anno per le forze armate ucraine: piccoli droni kamikaze a basso costo, bombardieri capaci di trasportare carichi esplosivi considerevoli e mini-aerei da ricognizione ad alto budget. Quasi tutti dipendevano dall’approvvigionamento cinese, il che risulta piuttosto contraddittorio dato che la Cina assiste anche la Russia con supporto militare strategico: da un lato, Pechino finanzia e fornisce materiali bellici alla Russia; dall’altro, fino a poco tempo fa, vendeva componenti difensive per miliardi di dollari all’Ucraina. Questo, comunque, non accade più.

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